Как правильно использовать времена в следующих предложениях на английском языке?

1. He usually (to leave) his office at seven o'clock, but this week he (to work) later.
2. They don't go (not to go) to the cinema very often but when they (to go), they (to prefer) comedies.
3. These two sisters already (to speak) four foreign languages. Now they (to learn) a fifth.
4. He usually (to get up) about seven o'clock, but this month he (to be) on holiday and so he (to get up) later.
5. My dog usually (to bark) at the postman - but look at that! For once, he (to be) friendly to the poor man.
6. They left for England this morning. I (to wonder) whether they (to travel) by air or by train.
7. I usually (to write) my letters on Sunday but I (to write) this week's letters today because this coming Sunday we (to go) out.
8. I (to want) to speak to the maids at once, please. You (to know) where they (to be)? - Yes, Mary (to prepare) dinner, and I (to think) that Helen (to set) the table in the dining-room.
9. The house (to smell) unpleasant because we (to have it repainted).
10. She (to have) her birthday party tomorrow and she (to look forward) to it very much.
11. Children always (to look forward) to their birthdays.
12. He (to walk) very slowly because the bottle which he (to carry) (to hold) nitroglycerine, and nitroglycerine (to explode) if it (to be shaken).
13. I (to see) that you (to become) impatient with me, but I (to try) my best to do it properly.
14. I (to smoke) a lot these days because I (to study) for my final exams.
15. I (not to like) garlic when I (to smell) it but I (to love) it when I (to taste) it.

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Давайте разберем каждое из предложений и определим, какие времена нам нужно использовать. Важно помнить, что в английском языке времена помогают передать информацию о времени действия, привычках и текущих состояниях.

1. He usually (to leave) his office at seven o'clock, but this week he (to work) later.
   • Первую часть предложения мы используем Present Simple, так как речь идет о регулярном действии: "He usually leaves his office at seven o'clock."
   • Во второй части предложения используется Present Continuous, так как действие происходит в данный момент: "but this week he is working later."
2. They don't go (not to go) to the cinema very often but when they (to go), they (to prefer) comedies.
   • Здесь мы также используем Present Simple: "They don't go to the cinema very often."
   • Вторая часть - "when they go" - также Present Simple, а "they prefer" - тоже Present Simple: "they prefer comedies."
3. These two sisters already (to speak) four foreign languages. Now they (to learn) a fifth.
   • Первое предложение требует Present Perfect, так как мы говорим о завершенном действии: "These two sisters have already spoken four foreign languages."
   • Во втором предложении используется Present Continuous: "Now they are learning a fifth."
4. He usually (to get up) about seven o'clock, but this month he (to be) on holiday and so he (to get up) later.
   • Первую часть мы используем Present Simple: "He usually gets up about seven o'clock."
   • Во второй части используется Present Continuous: "but this month he is on holiday and so he is getting up later."
5. My dog usually (to bark) at the postman - but look at that! For once, he (to be) friendly to the poor man.
   • Первую часть мы используем Present Simple: "My dog usually barks at the postman."
   • Во второй части используется Present Simple: "he is friendly to the poor man."
6. They left for England this morning. I (to wonder) whether they (to travel) by air or by train.
   • Первую часть мы используем Past Simple: "They left for England this morning."
   • Во второй части используется Present Simple для выражения настоящего состояния: "I wonder whether they travel by air or by train."
7. I usually (to write) my letters on Sunday but I (to write) this week's letters today because this coming Sunday we (to go) out.
   • Первую часть используем Present Simple: "I usually write my letters on Sunday."
   • Во второй части - Present Continuous: "but I am writing this week's letters today because this coming Sunday we are going out."
8. I (to want) to speak to the maids at once, please. You (to know) where they (to be)? - Yes, Mary (to prepare) dinner, and I (to think) that Helen (to set) the table in the dining-room.
   • Здесь используем Present Simple: "I want to speak to the maids at once."
   • Следующая часть - "You know where they are?" - также Present Simple.
   • В ответе: "Mary is preparing dinner" - Present Continuous, и "I think that Helen is setting the table" - Present Continuous.
9. The house (to smell) unpleasant because we (to have it repainted).
   • Здесь используем Present Simple: "The house smells unpleasant because we are having it repainted."
10. She (to have) her birthday party tomorrow and she (to look forward) to it very much.
    • Первую часть используем Future Simple: "She will have her birthday party tomorrow."
    • Во второй части Present Simple: "and she looks forward to it very much."
11. Children always (to look forward) to their birthdays.
    • Здесь используем Present Simple: "Children always look forward to their birthdays."
12. He (to walk) very slowly because the bottle which he (to carry) (to hold) nitroglycerine, and nitroglycerine (to explode) if it (to be shaken).
    • Первую часть используем Present Simple: "He walks very slowly."
    • Во второй части: "the bottle which he is carrying holds nitroglycerine," - Present Continuous и Present Simple соответственно.
    • Заключительная часть: "and nitroglycerine explodes if it is shaken" - Present Simple.
13. I (to see) that you (to become) impatient with me, but I (to try) my best to do it properly.
    • Здесь используем Present Simple: "I see that you are becoming impatient with me."
    • Во второй части: "but I am trying my best to do it properly" - Present Continuous.
14. I (to smoke) a lot these days because I (to study) for my final exams.
    • Первую часть используем Present Continuous: "I am smoking a lot these days."
    • Во второй части Present Continuous: "because I am studying for my final exams."
15. I (not to like) garlic when I (to smell) it but I (to love) it when I (to taste) it.
    • Первую часть используем Present Simple: "I do not like garlic when I smell it."
    • Во второй части: "but I love it when I taste it" - также Present Simple.

Таким образом, в каждом предложении мы выбираем время в зависимости от контекста: если действие происходит регулярно, используем Present Simple; если оно происходит в данный момент, используем Present Continuous; если речь идет о завершенном действии, используем Present Perfect. Важно также помнить о времени, когда действие произошло, чтобы правильно выбрать Past или Future.