Какой правильный вариант нужно выбрать в следующих предложениях?

1. Jim, why don’t you take some time off? You ___ too hard lately. Take a short vacation.
   A. worked B. work C. were working D. have been working
2. The city is rebuilding its dilapidated waterfront, transforming it into a pleasant and fashionable outdoor mall. Next summer when the tourists arrive, they ___ 104 beautiful new shops and restaurants in the area where the old run-down waterfront properties used to stand.
   A. will found B. will be finding C. will have found D. will find
3. A minor earthquake occurred at 2:07 A.M on January 3. Most of the people in the village ____ at the time and didn’t even know it had occurred until the next morning.
   A. slept B. had slept C. was sleeping D. sleep
4. The little girl started to cry. She ___ her doll, and no one was able to find it.
   A. has lost B. had lost C. was losing D. was lost
5. According to research reports, people usually ___ in their sleep 25 to 30 times each night.
   A. turn B. are turning C. have turned D. turned
6. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ___ at the computer for 5 straight hours. Finally, she took a break.
   A. is sitting B. has been sitting C. was sitting D. had been sitting
7. “Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? “I __________________ for an important phone call.” Go ahead and leave without me.
   A) wait B) will wait C) am waiting D) have waited
8. “Jim, why don’t you take some time off ? You ________ too hard for such a long time. Take a short vacation.”
   A) worked B) work C) were working D) have been working
9. The little girl started to cry. She ________ her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.
   A) has lost B) had lost C) was lost D) was losing
10. When the passengers went on the plane, most of them were annoyed because the plane _________ late for three and a half hours.
    A) was late B) were late C) was been late D) had been late

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Давайте разберем каждое предложение и выберем правильный вариант, объясняя, почему он подходит лучше всего.

1. Jim, why don’t you take some time off? You ___ too hard lately. Take a short vacation.

• A. worked
• B. work
• C. were working
• D. have been working

Правильный ответ: D. have been working. Здесь мы говорим о действии, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор. "You have been working too hard lately" указывает на то, что это состояние актуально в настоящем.

2. The city is rebuilding its dilapidated waterfront, transforming it into a pleasant and fashionable outdoor mall. Next summer when the tourists arrive, they ___ 104 beautiful new shops and restaurants in the area where the old run-down waterfront properties used to stand.

• A. will found
• B. will be finding
• C. will have found
• D. will find

Правильный ответ: D. will find. Здесь мы говорим о будущем действии, которое произойдет, когда туристы приедут. Используем простое будущее время.

3. A minor earthquake occurred at 2:07 A.M on January 3. Most of the people in the village ____ at the time and didn’t even know it had occurred until the next morning.

• A. slept
• B. had slept
• C. was sleeping
• D. sleep

Правильный ответ: A. slept. Здесь используется простое прошедшее время, так как мы говорим о завершенном действии в прошлом.

4. The little girl started to cry. She ___ her doll, and no one was able to find it.

• A. has lost
• B. had lost
• C. was lost
• D. was losing

Правильный ответ: B. had lost. Здесь мы используем прошедшее совершенное время, так как действие "потерять куклу" произошло до другого действия в прошлом (девочка начала плакать).

5. According to research reports, people usually ___ in their sleep 25 to 30 times each night.

• A. turn
• B. are turning
• C. have turned
• D. turned

Правильный ответ: A. turn. Здесь мы говорим о регулярном действии, поэтому используем простое настоящее время.

6. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She ___ at the computer for 5 straight hours. Finally, she took a break.

• A. is sitting
• B. has been sitting
• C. was sitting
• D. had been sitting

Правильный ответ: D. had been sitting. Здесь мы используем прошедшее совершенное продолженное время, чтобы показать, что действие продолжалось до момента, когда она сделала перерыв.

7. “Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? “I __________________ for an important phone call.” Go ahead and leave without me.

• A) wait
• B) will wait
• C) am waiting
• D) have waited

Правильный ответ: C) am waiting. Здесь используется настоящее продолженное время, так как действие происходит в момент речи.

8. “Jim, why don’t you take some time off ? You ________ too hard for such a long time. Take a short vacation.”

• A) worked
• B) work
• C) were working
• D) have been working

Правильный ответ: D) have been working. Мы уже объяснили это в первом предложении.

9. The little girl started to cry. She ________ her doll, and no one was able to find it for her.

• A) has lost
• B) had lost
• C) was lost
• D) was losing

Правильный ответ: B) had lost. Это уже было объяснено в четвертом предложении.

10. When the passengers went on the plane, most of them were annoyed because the plane _________ late for three and a half hours.

• A) was late
• B) were late
• C) was been late
• D) had been late

Правильный ответ: D) had been late. Здесь мы используем прошедшее совершенное время, чтобы показать, что задержка произошла до того, как пассажиры сели на самолет.

Надеюсь, это объяснение помогло вам понять, почему выбраны именно эти варианты!