To understand the concept of cognition, let's break down the components of the definition provided:

• Cognition: This term refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. These processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. Cognition encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes.
• Result of Mental Processing or Understanding: Cognition is essentially the outcome of mental activities that involve processing information, understanding situations, and making sense of experiences. This involves various cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, and reasoning.
• Examination of Patients and Their Treatment: In the context of psychology and mental health, cognition can be assessed through the examination of patients. This involves evaluating their cognitive functions to understand how they process information and how it affects their behavior and mental health. Treatment plans may be developed based on these assessments to improve cognitive functions.
• Chronic Mental Disorder: A chronic mental disorder can affect cognition by altering a person's ability to think, feel, or behave normally. Disorders such as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder can lead to distortions in reality and impair cognitive functions.
• Branch of Psychology for Practical Solutions: Applied psychology is the branch that focuses on finding practical solutions for behavioral problems in humans or animals. This can include cognitive-behavioral therapy, which aims to change patterns of thinking or behavior that are causing problems.

In summary, cognition is a broad term that encompasses the mental processes involved in understanding and interacting with the world. It is crucial in both everyday functioning and clinical settings, where understanding and improving cognitive functions can lead to better mental health outcomes.