IQ stands for "Intelligence Quotient." It is a score derived from standardized tests that are designed to assess human intelligence. The concept of IQ was developed in the early 20th century and has been widely used in various fields, including education, psychology, and even employment.

To understand what IQ measures and how it is used, let's break it down into several key points:

1. Definition of Intelligence: Intelligence can be defined in various ways, but generally, it refers to the ability to learn, understand, and apply knowledge to solve problems. IQ tests aim to quantify this ability.
2. Types of IQ Tests: There are various types of IQ tests, including:
   • Verbal tests that assess language skills and comprehension.
   • Mathematical tests that evaluate numerical reasoning and problem-solving skills.
   • Spatial tests that measure the ability to visualize and manipulate objects.
3. Scoring System: IQ scores are usually adjusted to fit a normal distribution, where the average score is set at 100. Scores are typically categorized as follows:
   • Below 70: Considered below average.
   • 70-85: Below average.
   • 85-115: Average.
   • 115-130: Above average.
   • Above 130: Considered gifted or highly intelligent.
4. Uses of IQ Testing: IQ tests can be used for various purposes, such as:
   • Identifying students who may need special educational support.
   • Assessing cognitive abilities for job placements.
   • Research in psychology and education.
5. Limitations: It is important to note that while IQ tests can provide valuable information, they have limitations. They may not fully capture the complexity of human intelligence and can be influenced by factors such as socio-economic background, education, and cultural differences.

In summary, IQ is a measure of intelligence derived from standardized tests. Understanding its implications and limitations is crucial for its effective application in educational and professional contexts.