Someone who studies the way in which money and goods are produced and used, as well as the systems of business and trade, is known as an economist.

To better understand this term, let's break down the key components:

1. Study of Money: Economists analyze how money is created, distributed, and utilized within an economy.
2. Goods Production: They examine the processes involved in producing goods, including the resources required and the methods used.
3. Usage of Goods: Economists look at how goods are consumed and the impact of consumer behavior on the economy.
4. Business Systems: They explore various business structures and practices, including how companies operate and compete.
5. Trade Systems: Economists study local and global trade, including import and export dynamics and their effects on economies.

In summary, an economist is crucial for understanding the intricate relationships between money, goods, and trade systems, which are vital for the functioning of any economy.